Become serious pest during the dry period

Damage symptoms

Adult punchers leave for both feeding and oviposition. This may cause a spotted appearance on foliage. Larvae make irregular mine and result drying and withering of leaves. Damage plants succumb to secondary infection by late blight.

Management

• Regular field inspection
• Yellow colour sticky trap
• Covering crops with suitable material prevent mitigating flies
• Removal of other host plants surrounds the crop field
• Removal and distruction of infected plant material
• Augment ecto-parasitoid Diglyphus isaea
• Encourage naturally found   parasitoids Hemiptarsenus semibiclavas and Opius spp

Chemical control

• Azadiractin 1% EC at the rate of 16ml/16 l of water
• Abamectin 18g/l EC at the rate of 9.6 ml/16 l of water
• Neem seed water extract at the rate of 640g/16 l of water

Damage symptoms

Habitually they are nocturnal. Early instars make round holes in leaves. Later, the shoots are damaged close to the ground, often cut the whole plant at the base, during emergence. Cut several plants in a single night and pulling the plant stem belowground.  Cut plants show wilting during day time. Formed unsightly holes in the tubers

Management

• Regular monitoring
• Hand collecting and destroying
• Weed management
• Proper field sanitation
• Plough the soil deeply to bring the larvae and pupa to the surface of the soil
• Encourage predatory birds to preying the worms during tillage operation

Chemical control

• Profenophos 500 g/l EC at the rate of 32 ml per 16 l of water
• Etofenprox 100g/l EC at the rate of 24 ml per 16 l of water

Damage symptom

Following symptoms may begin as small patches and these may enlarge as the nematode population increase.

• Yellowing
• Stunting
• Wilting
• Uneven growth
• When uproot tubers can observed
• Galls on feeder roots
• Forking of the tap root
• Bunching of roots

Management

• Prevent entering
• Avoid moving plants and soil from infested field
• Don’t allow irrigation water from around infested field
• Clean tools thoroughly before using them
• Tilling the soil two or three times and expose to sunlight
• Add poultry manure two weeks before seeding
• Crop rotation

Damage symptoms

Destroy seedlings at the emergence. Damage is severe during high rainfall conditions

Management

• Eliminate place where can shelter during day time
• Regular practice of trapping and removing snails
• Removing debris and manage field sanitations
• Proper weed management
• Regular field infection and hand collection
• Encourage predatory birds by enhance natural habitats

Chemical control

• Metaldehyde 5% GR at the rate of 10-40 Kg/ha    
• Metaldehyde  3% RB at the rate of 10-40 Kg/ha 
• Metaldehyde  4% RB at the rate of 10-40 Kg/ha