Causal organism: Pythium spp.,  Phytophthora spp., Fusarium spp.,  Rhizoctonia spp. and  Sclerotium rolfsii

Symptoms:

• Sudden collapsing seedlings at the base of the stem
• Root rot and seedling death
• Brownish black discoloration at the base due to Rhizoctonia spp

Management

• Prepare nursery beds in well drained virgin soil
• Nursery sterilization – burning, solarization or with chemicals
• Remove affected plants with the adjacent soil
• Seed treatment (should be done just before seeding)

-Thiram 80% WP  – 5g/ kg

-Thiophanate-methyl  50% WP  + Thiram  30% WP –  4g/ kg

-Captan 50% WP  – 6g/ kg.

• Soil treatment – Drench with a recommended fungicide around the base of the plant as spot application

– Thiophanate-methyl 50% WP  + Thiram 30% WP  –  50g/50l / 10m2

– Thiram 80% WP –  70g/50l    10m2

– Captan  50% WP  –  60g/50l / 10m2

Causal organism: Sclerotium rolfsii

 Symptoms:

• Yellowing of leaves
• Decaying near collar region
• Mycelia mat with white / brown Sclerotia on collar region

Management

• Destroy affected plants with the adjacent soil
• Improve drainage
• Deeply plough the land and expose to affected soil to bright sunlight
• Avoid root damage at transplanting
• Soil treatment – Drench with a recommended fungicide around the base of the plant as spot application

– Thiophanate-methyl 50% WP  + Thiram 30% WP  –  50g/50l / 10m2

– Thiram 80% WP –  70g/50l / 10m2           

– Captan  50% WP  –  60g/50l / 10m2   

Causal organism: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersici

 Symptoms:

• Yellowing of leaves and wilt
• Vascular discoloration of stem
• Root rot and dying of the plant
  

Management

• Destroy affected plants with the adjacent soil
• Improve drainage
• Deeply plough the land and expose to affected soil to bright sunlight
• Avoid root damage at transplanting         
• Soil treatment – Drench with a recommended fungicide around the base of the plant as spot application

– Thiophanate-methyl 50% WP  + Thiram 30% WP  –  50g/50l / 10m2

– Thiram 80% WP –  70g/50l / 10m2                                             

– Captan  50% WP  –  60g/50l / 10m2   

Causal organism: Podosphaera xanthii

Symptoms:

• Circular yellow patches or spots appear on the lower surface of the leaves.
• White powdery residue on the upper leaf surface.

Management:                                                                          

• Use recommended fungicides at initial stage of disease development (Refer: Pesticide recommendation DOA, 2019)
  • Apply sulfur 80% WG 50 g/10 l of water
  • Chlorothalonil 500g/l SC- 30 ml/10 l of water
  • Carbendazim 50% WP- 7 g/10 l of water

Causal organism: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides             

Symptoms:

• Sunken circular lesions with tan to orange to black concentric rings in their center
• Fruiting bodies with pink masses of conidia may ooze from lesions

Management

• Use of healthy seeds
• Avoid excess overhead irrigation
• Remove and destroy infected fruits
• Seed treatment (should be done just before seeding)

–Thiram 80% WP  – 5g/ kg

-Thiophanate-methyl  50% WP  + Thiram  30% WP –  4g/ kg

-Captan 50% WP  – 6g/ kg.

• Foliar application of fungicides start at flowering stage in rainy season

– Fluzinam 500g/1 SC – 10 ml/10l of water

– Metiram 55% +  Pyraclostrobin 5%  WP  – 20 g/10l  of water  

– Cabendazim 50%  WG  – 7 g/10l   of water

– Thiophanate-methyl  70% WP  –  6g/10l of water  

–  Chlorothalonil 500 SC  – 30ml/10l of water  

Causal organism: Phomopsis vexans      

Symptoms

• Small canker gray spots with black margins appear on stem and petioles
• Center of the spot becomes gray and black due to pycnidia development
• Soft and watery fruit spots become black and mummified

Management

• Remove and destruction of infected fruits
• Use recommended fungicides at initial stage of disease development (Refer: Pesticide recommendation DOA, 2019)

-Chlorothalonil 500g/l SC- 30 ml/10 l of water

-Carbendazim 50% WP- 7 g/10 l of water

– Thiophanate-methyl  70% WP  of 6g/10l  of water